We are trying to find out what insulator is the best from cotton wool, bubble wrap and plastic foam Essay Example

We are trying to find out what insulator is the best from cotton wool, bubble wrap and plastic foam Paper Plan: The factor I will be changing is the type of insulator. The factor I will be recording is the temperature of the water in degrees for a total of six minutes. To record the temperature I will use a thermometer. The factors I will keep the same so it is a fair test are: Starting temperature of the boiling water Same amount / volume of water Measuring the temperature at the same interval Covering the same amount of surface area, length and width for each insulator. I intend to wrap three testubes with the chosen insulators, but leave the last one plain for control. Cotton wool Bubble wrapping Plastic foam I have also chosen to do a control experiment without insulation to see if there is a great difference in the heat loss if the container has insulation. I will then boil some water and when it is boiled I will carefully pour it into a measuring cylinder up the chosen volume (20cmà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½). I will pour it into the containers and allow it to cool to the chosen starting temperature. Once it reaches the chosen starting temperature then I will start the stop clock and record the temperature at chosen intervals. I will repeat this procedure for the next two containers. I will then repeat the whole experiment one more time to be sure that my results that I will obtain are reliable and reproducible. We will write a custom essay sample on We are trying to find out what insulator is the best from cotton wool, bubble wrap and plastic foam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on We are trying to find out what insulator is the best from cotton wool, bubble wrap and plastic foam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on We are trying to find out what insulator is the best from cotton wool, bubble wrap and plastic foam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Equipment: I will be using the following equipment: Boiling tube Measuring cylinder Test-tube rack Thermometer Cotton wool Bubble wrap Plastic foam Sellotape Stopwatch Rubber band Prediction and hypothesis: Out of the four materials that I have been given to investigate I think that cotton wool will be the best insulator because of the heat loss. I am saying this because inside cotton wool there are many small pockets of trapped air, and air is a very good insulator in small pockets. This helps prevent convection because air is trapped into the small pockets. The next best insulator I think is the best is bubble wrap. I think that bubble wrap is the next best insulator because bubble wrap have bubbles, which is trapped of air. Therefore, conduction or radiation cannot take place. This can not take place because air is trapped into the pockets. The next insulator I think will be good is plastic foam. This is because plastic foam is made from sponge and it has many pores. Heat is prevented from being lost is that it has little holes which then can trap air. However, little conduction and radiation can still take place. I base my prediction on the following Scientific Background: All metals are good conductors and most non- metals are good insulators. The best insulators are insulators that trap air if the air cant move then it cant move then it cant transfer the heat energy by convection and a bad conductor. Things like blankets. String vests, loft insulation, polystyrene and foam are all good insulators. The more surface area there is on the boiling tube the more of the hot water will be in contact with the air and so the quicker it will cool. Insulation such as cotton wool and bubble wrap traps air that is a bad conductor this means that heat is trapped and the test tube stays hot. Conduction: Conduction is when energy is passed directly from one item to another. If you stirred a pan of soup on the stove with a metal spoon, the spoon will heat up. The heat is being conducted from the hot area of the soup to the colder area of the spoon. Metals are excellent conductors of heat energy. Other things like wood or plastics are not good conductors of heat energy. These bad conductors are called insulators. Thats why a pan is usually made of metal and the handle is made of a strong plastic. Convection: Convection is the movement of gases or liquids from a cooler spot to a warmer spot. If the soup pan above was made of glass, we could see the movement of convection currents in the pan. The warmer soup moves up from the heated area at the bottom of the pan to the top where it is cooler. The cooler soup then moves to take the warmer soups place. The movement is in a circular pattern within the pan (see picture above). Convection currents often cause wind. During the daytime, cool air from over water moves to replace the warm air over land that rises. During the nighttime, the directions changes and the water are warmer and the land is cooler. Radiation: Radiation is the final form of movement of heat energy. The suns light and heat cannot reach us by conduction or convention because space is almost completely empty. There is nothing to transfer the energy from the sun to the earth. The suns rays travel in straight lines called heat rays. When it moves like that, it is called radiation. When the sunlight hits the earth, its radiation is absorbed or reflected. Darker surfaces absorb more of the radiation and lighter surfaces reflect the radiation. So, if you wear light or white clothes outside during the summer, you would be cooler. The below diagram relates to my prediction because I am not investigating colour or day or night. I think that cotton wool would be the best insulator because cotton wool has little pockets, which can trap air into the pockets and air, wouldnt be released because air is a very good insulator. The next insulator I think is going to be the best is bubble wrap. I think this is going to be the next best because it has little bubbles, which can trap air, so no conduction radiation or convection can take place. So therefore, no air can be released. The next insulator is plastic foam. I think that this is a good insulator because it has many pores that can trap air. In addition, air is a very good insulator. Therefore, no conduction convection or radiation can take place.

In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essays

In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essays In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essay In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essay this, possibly above all other Shakespeare dramas, is inextricably linked to the wider field of society and civilization. As many observers have pointed out ( Kermode, 1990 [ 1 ] ; Coursen, 2000 ; Vaughan and Vaughan, 1991 )The Tempestis best seen as a complex web of changing socio-political and cultural concerns that each adds to the overall dramatic sense of the drama [ 2 ] . With this in head, in this essay I would wish to concentrate on three specific countries that I feel are synecdochic with the larger socio-political dramatic purpose. First, I would wish to look at the character of Caliban and particularly how it relates to colonial discourses in the in-between portion of the 16th century and the early portion of the 17th century. Then I will travel on to look at impressions of Catholicism, particularly as it relates to recent arguments refering Shakespeare’s ain line of descent and the content of Prospero’sEpilogueand, eventually, I will look at the little but revealing image of Miranda and Ferdinand’s game of cheat in the last Act and how this relates to issues of sovereignty and the political plant of Thomas More. All of these countries, although disparate, are connected non merely in the political orientation of the drama but to the wider societal scene of early Jacobean England. As Vaughan and Vaughan province in their surveyShakespeare’s Caliban( 1991 ) , the portrayal of Caliban inThe Tempestis built-in to an apprehension of many of the socio-political influences of the drama: â€Å"Caliban. In modern poesy he is a repeating symbol for the victimization of Third World people. In the theater he can be anything the manager imagines, from amphibious to punk rocker to black militant.† ( Vaughan and Vaughan, 1991: 3 ) Commensurate with this, the writers place the historical roots of Caliban steadfastly in the find of America and its native people. For Vaughan and Vaughan, as for many others, the image of Caliban as the obscene other to the learned Prospero or the filmy Ariel, is evidently drawn from modern-day histories of native Americans. Trinculo’s averments in Act II, Scene II seem to bare this out: â€Å"†¦there would this monster make a adult male ; any unusual animal there makes a adult male: when they will non give a doit to alleviate a square mendicant, they will put out 10 to see a dead Indian.† ( Act II, Scene II ) As Kermode tells us ( 1990 ) this makes direct mention to the exhibiting of native Americans in England by adventurers and showmen like Martin Frobisher and George Weymouth ( Bissell, 1925: 56 ) . This impression is compounded farther by Trinculo’s holding Caliban an â€Å"islander† ( Act II, Scene II ) . As a dramatic concept, Caliban comes near to the portrayal of Montaigne in hisOn Cannibals( 1993 ) , in fact Vaughan and Vaughan suggest that the name Caliban, itself, could be a portion anagram, portion bastardization of the term ‘cannibal’ . Montaigne’s essay is, in some sense typical of many early and mid Enlightenment preparations of the ‘savage’ or ‘man in a province of nature’ . For Montaigne, as for Shakespeare through Caliban, autochthonal people represented non merely an other but a distillment of expulsed traits, both good and bad, from the complications of tribunal society, as Montaigne says: â€Å"They spend the whole twenty-four hours dancing. Their immature work forces travel hunting after wild animals with bows and pointers. Some of their adult females employ themselves in the interim with the heating of their drink, which is their rule duty.† ( Montaigne, 1993: 111 ) This is some of the blissful ignorance we detect in the character of Caliban who, aside from being the animal of load for both Prospero and Trinculo and Stephano displays a natural exuberance at times: â€Å"Caliban: I’ll show thee the best springs ; I’ll pluck thee nerries ; I’ll fish for thee, and acquire thee wood sufficiency. A pestilence upon the autocrat I serve1 I’ll bear him no more sticks, but follow thee, Thou wonderous man.† ( Act II, Scene II ) This last transition, nevertheless, high spots a aspect of the Elizabethan and Jacobean consciousness and attitude towards the freshly found autochthonal people. The overruling sense, throughout the drama, sing Caliban’s character is one of servitude, of merrily being ruled and conquered by foreign colonists [ 3 ] . This is besides reflected in histories such as Bartolome de las Casas’On the Indians, published in 1552: â€Å"The Roman Pontiff, canonically chosen vicar of Jesus Christ and replacement of St. Peter, has the authorization and the power of Christ himself, the boy of God, over all work forces in the universe, trusters or infidels.† ( Englander, Norman, O’Day and Owens, 1990 ) It is no great thematic leap to compare the Godhead right of apostolic sovereignty over the native people of the Americas with the images of Caliban’s bondage inThe Tempest[ 4 ] . This point forms the footing of much Margaret Paul Joseph’s survey of colonial discourses in Carribean literature,Caliban in Exile( 1992 ) , in which she besides equates the relationship of Caliban and Prospero with colonial servitude: â€Å"Thus it comes about that Shakespeare gives Prospero an island to govern and Caliban a maestro to function. It besides comes about that Prospero and Caliban thereby provide us with a powerful metaphor for colonialism. An outgrowth of this reading is the abstract status of being Caliban, the victim of history, frustrated by the cognition of arrant powerlessness.† ( Paul Joseph, 1992: 2 ) If Caliban is the obscene addendum to the white European Renaissance society, Prospero is its exemplar. As Harold Bloom provinces ( 2000 ) , Prospero is, in many ways a complex of many Shakespearean heroes and tragic figures ; he has the air of tragic royalty as shown inRichard II, he resembles, to some extent the Duke inAs You Like Itand has some of the degage adulthood of the same inTwelfth Night. However, as David Beauregard states in his essay â€Å"New Light on Shakespeare’s Catholicism† ( 1997 ) , Prospero is, in many ways, symbolic of Shakespeare himself and it is theEpilogueto the drama that reflects this most. As Kermode states theEpiloguetoThe Tempestis â€Å"at the bosom of the contention refering the reading of the drama as personal allegory† ( Kermode, 1990: 133 ) nevertheless, as we shall see, it besides has a great trade to state us about modern-day socio-politics. Prospero’s place in the play is that of usurped victim to Antonio’s political maneuvering: â€Å"With all honours, on my brother: whereon, A unreliable ground forces levied, one midnight Fated to th’ intent, did Antonio open The Gatess of Milan ; and I’th’ dead of darkness, The curates for th’ intent hurried hence Maines and they shouting self.† ( Act I, Scene II ) Kermode asserts that line 131 here, that makes reference of the â€Å"ministers† refers merely to â€Å"those who are employed† ( Kermode, 1990: 17 ) , nevertheless we can besides observe the twinning, in this really early subdivision of the drama of the socio-politics of the Milanese tribunal with faiths persecution and ejection. A point David Beauregard makes with mention to theEpilogue: â€Å"In general, the text of Prospero s epilogue shows a consistent usage of these interlacing theological footings and philosophies. The cardinal dramatic position of a adult male confronting concluding desperation and appealing for alleviation to intercessory supplications to put him free from his mistakes or wickednesss is decidedly non Protestant.† ( Beauregard, 1997: 1 ) Beauregard points to cases of Catholic traditional knowledge and wording in the Epilogue every bit good as the overall subject of wickedness and requital within the play ; a leitmotiv he associates with a Catholic scruples. The last line, for case, with its usage of the word â€Å"indulgence† , as Beauregard states reflects the many Catholic piece of lands go arounding at the clip of the play’s production, texts such Robert Bellarmine’sAn Ample Declaration of the Christian Doctrinethat besides, as Beauregard states makes reference of the nature of the â€Å"captive soul† by wickedness ( Beauregard, 1997:1 ) . The erudite Prospero is besides brooding of the erudite James I ( Coursen, 2000: 19 ) and the connection of Miranda and Ferdinand, representative of the two houses of Milan, can be seen as symbolic of the promise of peace between Protestant and Catholic under Jacobean kingship [ 5 ] . The elusive relationship between Catholic and Protestant at this clip is neatly summed up in Churchill’sA History of the English Speaking Peopless: â€Å"The Jesuits who had assailed Elizabeth were almighty in Rome, and replied with many volumes assailing his right to the throne. The air seemed charged with secret plans. James, although inclined to acceptance, was forced to move. Catholics were fined for declining to go to the services of the Established Church and their priests were banished.† ( Churchill, 1980: 118 ) TheEpilogue, so, can be seen as a encomium to Catholic-Protestant peace through art and supplication: â€Å"†¦.Now I want Liquors to enfore, Art to enrapture ; And me stoping is desperation, Unless I be reliev’d by prayer.† ( Epilogue ) In some ways it can believe of as appealing straight to James I [ 6 ] , biding the late crowned King to with wisdom and â€Å"gentleness† , as does Prospero, in unifying the two cabals, symbolized in the relationship between Miranda and Ferdinand. The seminal scene, of class, having Ferdinand and Miranda comes portion manner through Act V, Scene I and is heralded with the phase waies: â€Å"Here Prospero discovers Ferdinand and Miranda playing chess† ( Act V, Scene I ) As Kermode points out ( 1990, 122 ) this is â€Å"one of the comparatively rare mentions to chess in Shakespeare† so we could deduce, possibly, that it is of import to the socio-political dogmas of the drama. There are literary reverberations of Shakespeare’s usage of cheat in Thomas Middleton’s 1625 dramaA Game of Chess( Middleton, 1999 ) , where the Jacobean evocation of socio-politics with game playing is apparent from the Prologue: What of the game called chess-play can be made To do a stage-play, shall this twenty-four hours be played. First you shall see the work forces in order set, States and their pawns, when both the sides are met, The houses good distinguished, in their game Some work forces entrapped and taken, to their shame† ( Middleton, Prologue ) In a clip of political mutual opposition, with Protestant levies to the Crown and Catholic secret plans on parliament, the symbolism of two opposing warring cabals was disposed. Chess, as a cultural symbol besides features in Thomas More’sUtopia( 1965 ) and has been seen, by many observers as an of import influence on Shakespeare’s usage inThe Tempest( Neilson, 1956 ; Friedman, 1957 ) . Ferdinand and Miranda are non so much symbols of a Crown and a state reunited but of the promise of such. Prospero’s island, wracked with storms and turbulency, peopled by creative persons ( in the signifier of Ariel ) , monsters, saps, buffoons, wise work forces, male monarchs and rummies is a clear symbol for England in the early portion of the Seventeenth Century. In many ways,The Tempestis a fitting drama for a new century ; it exists as non so much socio-political fable but psychosocial exegesis. The psychological aspirations and wants of Shakespeare are instilled in two of the play’s most unmarked characters, Miranda and Ferdinand who have, over the many old ages of critical thought on the drama been ignored mostly in favor of Ariel, Prospero and Caliban. However, as we have seen, they provide us with non merely the romantic psyche of the piece but the political bosom. If Prospero is symbolic of Jacobean wisdom, the two lovers are symbols of a united state where truth and security is found through common trust and apprehension: â€Å"Miranda: Sweet Lord, you play me false. Ferdinand: No, my dearest love, I would non for the world.† ( Act V, Scene I ) As we have seen, so, a cognition of modern-day socio-politics and civilization is non merely good to an apprehension ofThe Tempestbut, virtually, built-in to it. However this must ever be tempered with an grasp of the psychological motives of the writer. It is besides merely through an grasp of modern-day arguments that we hope to compare Shakespearean play to our ain societal and political climes. At the beginning of a new millenary we are, possibly, ideally situated to appreciate the many socio-political leitmotivs in the drama, the many poetic figure of speechs environing the impression of get downing once more and new skylines. Prospero’sEpilogue, every bit good as being a veiled mention to Catholic absolution and indulgence is a anthem to political mildness and integrity, it is merely in such a clime can art and literature genuinely flourish: â€Å"Unless I reliev’d by supplication, Which pierces so, that it assaults Mercy itself, and frees all mistakes. As you from offenses would pardon’d be Let your indulgences put me free.† ( Epilogue ) Mentions Beauregard, Daniel ( 1997 ) , â€Å"New Light On Shakespeare’s Catholicism: Prospero’s Epilogue in The Tempest† , published inRenaissance Essays on Values in Literature Vol. 49 Bissell, Benjamin ( 1925 ) ,The American Indian in English Literature of the Eighteenth Century, ( New Haven: Yale University Press ) Bloom, Allan and Jaffa, Harry ( 1964 ) ,Shakespeare’s Politicss, ( London: Basic Books ) Bloom, Harold ( 2000 ) ,Shakespeare’s Love affairs, ( London: Chelsea House ) Churchill, Winston ( 1980 ) ,A History of the English Speaking Peopless: Vol. II The New World, ( London: Bantham ) Coursen, H.R ( 2000 ) ,The Tempest: A Guide to the Play, ( London: Greenwood Press ) Englander, David, Norman, Diana, O’Day, Rosemary and Owens, W.R ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1990 ) ,Culture and Belief in Europe 1450-1600: An Anthology of Beginnings, ( London: basil Blackwell ) Joseph, Margaret Paul ( 1992 ) ,Caliban in Exile: The Outsider in Caribbean Fiction, ( London: Greenwood imperativeness ) Kamps, Ivo ( 1995 ) ,Materialist Shakespeare: A History, ( London: Verso ) Mannoni, O ( 1956 ) ,Prospero and Caliban: The Psychology of Colonization, ( London: Methuen ) Middleton, Thomas ( 1999 ) ,Womans Beware Women and Other Plaies, ( Oxford: Oxford University Press ) Montaigne, Michel De ( 1993 ) ,Essaies, ( London: Penguin ) More, Thomas 1965 ) ,Utopia, ( London: Penguin ) Neilson, Francis ( 1956 ) ,Shakspere and the Tempest, ( London: Richard Smith ) Shakespeare, William ( 1990 ) ,The Tempest: Arden Edition, Kermode, Frank ( erectile dysfunction ) , ( London: Routledge ) Tanner, J.R ( 1952 ) ,Constitutional Documents of the Reign of James I: A.D. 1603-1625, ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ) Vaughan, Alden and Vaughan, Virginia mason ( 1991 ) ,Shakespeare’s Caliban, ( Cambridge, Cambridge University Press ) Wiltenburg, Robert ( 1987 ) , â€Å"The Aeneid and The Tempest† , published inShakespeare Survey 39. 1

Hesperosaurus - Facts and Figures

Hesperosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Hesperosaurus (Greek for western lizard); pronounced HESS-per-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (155 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and 2-3 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, wide head with small brain; relatively blunt, oval-shaped plates on back; quadrupedal posture About Hesperosaurus Stegosaursthe spiked, plated dinosaursfirst evolved in Asia during the middle to late Jurassic period, then crossed over to North America a few million years later, where they prospered up until the cusp of the ensuing Cretaceous period. That would explain the in-between features of one of the first identified North American stegosaurs, Hesperosaurus, with its wide, round, mushroom-shaped dorsal plates and unusually short and blunt head (earlier stegosaurs from Asia possessed smaller skulls and less ornate plates, while the skull of Stegosaurus, which followed Hesperosaurus by about five million years, was much more narrow). Ironically, the near-complete skeleton of Hesperosaurus was discovered in 1985 during an excavation of its much more famous cousin. Initially, the near-complete skeleton of Hesperosaurus was interpreted as an individual, or at least a species, of Stegosaurus, but by 2001 it was classified as a separate genus. (Just to show that paleontology is not set in stone, a recent re-examination of Hesperosaurus remains led to the conclusion that Hesperosaurus was actually a Stegosaurus species after all, and the authors recommended that the closely related stegosaur genus Wuerhosaurus should also be so assigned. The verdict is still out, and for the time being, Hesperosaurus and Wuerhosaurus retain their genus status.) However you choose to classify Hesperosaurus, theres no mistaking the distinctive plates on this dinosaurs back (about a dozen roundish, short structures significantly less pointed and dramatic than the comparable plates on Stegosaurus) and its spiked tail, or thagomizer. As with Stegosaurus, we dont know for sure why Hesperosaurus evolved these features; the plates may have aided in intra-herd recognition or served some kind of signaling function (say, turning bright pink in the presence of raptors and tyrannosaurs), and the spiked tail may have been wielded in combat by males during mating season (the winners earning the right to pair with females) or used to inflict puncture marks on curious predators. Speaking of mating, once recent study of Hesperosaurus (published in 2015) speculates that this dinosaur was sexually dimorphic, the males differing anatomically from the females. Surprisingly, though, the author proposes that female Hesperosaurus possessed narrower, pointier plates than the males, whereas most of the sexual differentiation in large animals (both millions of years ago and today) favors the males of the species! To be fair, this study has not been widely accepted by the paleontology community, perhaps because its based on too few fossil specimens to be considered conclusive

Business Report on Dew-fresh Flower delivery Term Paper

Business Report on Dew-fresh Flower delivery - Term Paper Example Variable Costs -These vary with the daily operations of the business. Ending Cash Balance -This is inclusive of the final sums, the cash balance, less all the costs of the business. A BUSINESS PLAN Introduction Jane and Mike have prepared a business plan which is a statement of their business’s goals, the process they intended to use in order to ensure that the business would be successful. The main concerns surrounding a startup business is the issue of viability and whether the business will be sustainable and profitable over time. Jane and Mike to write up a business plan so as to express themselves better to the bank and also to illustrate and introduce their business to the bank’s Business Loans Management.The following is an illustration of their business plan.In the business planJane and Mike included a mission statement,keys to the business,the market analysis of the target area and a breakeven analysis of the business after it’s launched. Mission Stateme nt Dewfresh Flower Delivery is a startup business which will provide a door to door flower delivery service to the affluent neighborhood of Weybridge and Asher. Keys to Success The key to our business success is determination, preparation, professionalism, confidence and vision. We are determined to do all it takes for the success of our business. Even when things may seem to be a little bit bleak, we will always push ourselves to overcome the situation facing us. We are also fully prepared to undertake our business though we are also balancing preparations and action. We are truly confident about our business, ourselves and the abilities that we possess in order to make it successful. We are fully committed to ensuring that our business is successful and it will become the household name when it comes to service delivery in Esher and Weybridge.For one to have the determination and confidence in a business, you should have a vision for your business. We do have the vision of how our business should be and also where it’s headed. We are also very professional and intend to carry out our business with professionalism, to our customers and also other stakeholders in the business environment. Market Analysis We have done a market analysis and have determined that the business is attractive and viable. We have researched on the existing opportunities within the business environment and also the possible threats to our business. We have researched on the market size, itstrends, and marketgrowths among other factors influencing a business venture in the market. Breakeven Analysis The following is the breakeven analysis table which illustrates the business monthly breakeven units and sales. A break even analysis is important in establishing the sales volume a business needs in order to start getting profits. ANTICIPATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Promotions and advertising In today’s business world, the internet has become an easy and effective way of promoti ng one’s business and reaching a wide range of people. For our business we have already in the process of setting up a website so that people can reach us easily and order online for the package that he or she wants. At the comfort of one’s home or office we will be able to deliver flowers either at home or the customer’

Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Philosophy of Education - Essay Example Teachers are asked to follow certain procedures or teach certain topics. There is readjustment in schools from admission criteria to the marking system. In such an environment it is natural to ask questions that deal with the content of education and not methods. What should be taught and who should decide it. Should it be the government, parents or the children themselves? The question that is discussed here is whether a child’s needs and interests should determine the syllabus. At first look this question looks a bit odd because it is based on the assumption that children are mature enough to guide their own education. But what looks as an assumption is actually a vague hint at the child-centered theories that exist in modern philosophy of education. These theories believe that any education that is not child-centered is not in fact education at all (Barrow, 116) I believe that a child’s needs, wants and interests shouldn’t determine the syllabus. But in this e ssay I will look at both sides of the issue. I will provide reasons behind this argument. There are many theorists who believe that the children shouldn’t be trained but instead they should be nourished. But I believe that both training and nourishment are required. Rousseau discovered that Children’s mental capabilities and ways of looking at things were quite distinct from those of adults. He said that people need to recognize that children were mentally different and unique. In his book Social Contract he said that all men are born free. I agree with Rousseau but don’t believe that a child is completely free from any restriction (Chandra, 90). Children may be unique but I don’t agree with Rousseau’s line of thinking. Even George Bernard Shaw said that this was ‘‘the most flagrant lie ever told by a sane man.'' I think that the child-centered theories have become extremist in their claims about children being able to decide right curr iculum for themselves. Earlier there was a dearth of philosophy of education. Now we can rest on the findings of Piaget and other researchers. But this opulence of literature on child education wasn’t always present. For a long time the only relevant theories came from a pragmatist philosopher called John Dewey. Dewey had a huge stature in United States and his personal influence led formation of tradition of philosophy of education influenced by his viewpoints. Their views are in sharp contrast to the subject-centered theories that existed before this new debate on education. Before this the education system was formed on the Christian belief of fallibility of man and his salvation through service of the God (Hastings, 587). Because of this thinking a child was an evil soul and hence it needed discipline in order to be saved from the sins. This view is completely different from the child-centered views who uphold that a child’s interest should be a beacon for his stud ent life. The Christian view of child needing authority was flawed for various reasons. It ignored two factors: the sinfulness and fallibility of those in authority, and the necessity for a mutual responsibility between teacher and pupil for the conduct of the educational process. This mutuality is necessary for proper communication. Child-centered theorists such as A.S. Neill believe that a child’s nature is intrinsically good. They believe that a child has an innate wisdom and realism (Neill, 200). Here we see diametrically opposite views on the innate quality of children. It is the adults who

Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Research Paper Essay Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic This case is provided at the end of chapter 3 of your text (Luthans and Doh). After reading the case, and performing research on the topic, answer the following questions: 1.) Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? 2.) What are the principal arguments of pharma companies who oppose making exception to IPR laws for developing countries? What are the arguments by NGOs and others for a differential treatment? 3.) What impact would you expect South Africas decision to levy duties on drug imports from Western nations to have on the international distribution of drugs to South Africa? 4.) In June 2002, the WTO extended the transition period during which least-developed countries (LDCs) had to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals. In your opinion, do you think this is an appropriate change in policy, or a dangerous precedent? What could be some of the negative ramifications of this resolution? What about effects for other industries? 5.) Given the initiatives announced by global development and aid organizations and among pharmaceutical companies themselves, was it necessary to relax IPR rules in order to ensure that adequate supplies of AIDs medications would be available for distribution in the developing world? 6.) What role do MNCs have in providing funding or other assistance to international organizations such as the Global Fund? Present your answers using APA-format: Eight to ten pages, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font. Also, please be sure to cite all scholarly information paraphrased or quoted from your researched sources of information on the case topic. Finally, be sure to include a separate Reference Page on which you list all of your research information sources according to correct APA citation style, depending on the kind of source: book, chapter, published article, internet article, etc. Submit this assignment to your instructor in Learning Plan 6 via the Assignment Drop Box labeled Research Paper. This assignment is worth 275 points and will be graded based on the Writing Intensive Rubric. Be sure that your paper shows multiple revisions with improved focus and clear writing for a general audience. Please remember to check your paper against the criteria in the Writing Intensive Research Paper Rubric before submitting it (see link above in this paragraph). Also, please let your Instructor know if you have any questions at all regarding producing or submitting this Research Paper assignment as the course progresses.a

Kurt Cobain Essay example -- Psychology, Psychodynamic Model, Behavior

â€Å"A person’s behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces of which he or she is not consciously aware.† (Comer, 2011, p. 37) The psychodynamic model is the oldest and most famously used model when diagnosing and treating abnormal behaviors; its purpose is to find the problem hidden in past events within a person’s life. In this paper I will be discussing the life of Kurt Cobain, describing his diagnosis based on the five axes of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV TR, and what his possible treatment could have been, all through a psychodynamic point of view. Throughout Cobain’s childhood he was a sickly child, suffering from bronchitis, the divorce of his parents and was living in a â€Å"depressed and dying lodging town† (Ronson, 1996). At the age of ten Cobain suffered because of loss of security and the constant moving between homes due to his parents’ divorce. (Soylent Communications, 2010) His parents were mostly absent because they were working-class people; Cobain was the â€Å"son of a mechanic and a waitress.† (Soylent Communications, 2010) Growing up the child of working-class people really put Cobain in a place where he was deprived of many things and was left fulfill his own needs, emotionally and physically. Cobain found friendship in Krist Novoselic, who had similar dreams and interests in punk music. (Soylent Communications, 2010) The depressing lodging town of Aberdeen, Washington left Cobain with nothing but scars from the repeated cases of abuse he received by the kids of his school, Cobain d ropped out of high school to pursue his dreams in his bands. Aberdeen was a dying town and nothing new was ever going on there. Cobain however did get his brea... ... be shown that we care about him and want to provide stability in his life. It’s importance for a therapist to share things about themselves and give their honest opinion in order to make the patient comfortable and trusting of them. (Comer, 2011, p. 43) I believe that although this would just the start of his therapy there may be a need for drugs later on if the free association doesn’t work, although he would have prescription drugs in rehabilitation to aid him in the process of becoming permanently clean without the painful side effects of coming off of the drug. The therapy in the beginning is a necessity in getting to the later stages of treatment, the free associating therapy would be the largest part of his recovery and it would work quite well. I can see that this therapy would give him what he never had in life, stability. Kurt Cobain Essay example -- Psychology, Psychodynamic Model, Behavior â€Å"A person’s behavior, whether normal or abnormal, is determined largely by underlying psychological forces of which he or she is not consciously aware.† (Comer, 2011, p. 37) The psychodynamic model is the oldest and most famously used model when diagnosing and treating abnormal behaviors; its purpose is to find the problem hidden in past events within a person’s life. In this paper I will be discussing the life of Kurt Cobain, describing his diagnosis based on the five axes of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV TR, and what his possible treatment could have been, all through a psychodynamic point of view. Throughout Cobain’s childhood he was a sickly child, suffering from bronchitis, the divorce of his parents and was living in a â€Å"depressed and dying lodging town† (Ronson, 1996). At the age of ten Cobain suffered because of loss of security and the constant moving between homes due to his parents’ divorce. (Soylent Communications, 2010) His parents were mostly absent because they were working-class people; Cobain was the â€Å"son of a mechanic and a waitress.† (Soylent Communications, 2010) Growing up the child of working-class people really put Cobain in a place where he was deprived of many things and was left fulfill his own needs, emotionally and physically. Cobain found friendship in Krist Novoselic, who had similar dreams and interests in punk music. (Soylent Communications, 2010) The depressing lodging town of Aberdeen, Washington left Cobain with nothing but scars from the repeated cases of abuse he received by the kids of his school, Cobain d ropped out of high school to pursue his dreams in his bands. Aberdeen was a dying town and nothing new was ever going on there. Cobain however did get his brea... ... be shown that we care about him and want to provide stability in his life. It’s importance for a therapist to share things about themselves and give their honest opinion in order to make the patient comfortable and trusting of them. (Comer, 2011, p. 43) I believe that although this would just the start of his therapy there may be a need for drugs later on if the free association doesn’t work, although he would have prescription drugs in rehabilitation to aid him in the process of becoming permanently clean without the painful side effects of coming off of the drug. The therapy in the beginning is a necessity in getting to the later stages of treatment, the free associating therapy would be the largest part of his recovery and it would work quite well. I can see that this therapy would give him what he never had in life, stability.

In Another Place by Ernest Hemingway Essay

The text under analysis is taken from the short story â€Å"In another country† belonging to the pen of Ernest Hemingway, an American novelist and short story writer whose works are characterized by terse minimalism and understatement. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. â€Å"In another country† is a powerful and true-to-life story about real experience of many soldiers who came home after the World War I and their hardships. The text presents a piece of narration with element of a description of nature and a dialogue. The narration is done in the first person. Hemingway tells the story from the point of view of the young American. The plot is eventless in events. The story describes the relationships that develop in Milan among an American and five Italian soldiers who have been wounded and are receiving physical therapy. All the wounded men go to the hospital every afternoon to use machines for physical therapy. The doctor assures the American that he will again play football even though his knee does not bend. His friend, an Italian major, is also undergoing therapy with a machine that exercises his hand that was injured in an industrial accident. Four other young men, Italian soldiers, are also using therapy machines, and they brag about the medals that they’ve received for their valor in battle. The plot consists of: Introduction. In this part the author talks about continuation the war and gives the description of autumn Milan. Development. The author introduces us with main character, an American soldier. Tells about him problems with health. Climax. In this part the author leads the Italian major and four other young men. Denouement. The author describes the way of soldiers from the hospital to the Cafà © Cova. The author compares the way with military operations. The mood of the story is established in the first paragraph, in which the dead game outside the shops is described as â€Å"stiff,† â€Å"heavy,† and â€Å"empty.† Loss, failure, and ruin permeate this brief story. Many of the characters grapple with a loss of function, a loss of purpose, and a loss of faith. Hemingway’s style is lean and declarative, but the author employs some stylistic devises. They help enhance the desired effect. The first two illustrate the author’s effective use of repetition and polysyndeton. For example, Hemingway states, â€Å"It was cold in the fall in Milan and the dark came very early.† He repeats this idea with a slightly different emphasis at the end of the paragraph: â€Å"It was a cold fall and the wind came down from the mountains.† The author uses vivid descriptions. For example, â€Å"On one of [the bridges], a woman sold roasted chestnuts. It was warm, standing in front of her charcoal fire, and the chestnuts were warm afterwards in your pockets.†

Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems

Introduction This paper summarises the views of two authors on how job applicants or potential employees perceive selection procedures. Both articles focus on employees’ perceptions of selection methods. Article 1: â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. The first article is written by Ryan and Plolyhart (2000) and is titled â€Å"Applicants’ Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. This article is motivated by the fact that low unemployment rates have increased the competition for employees, which has forced organisations to review the various components used in selecting job applicants and how job applicants’ perceptions of those procedures can affect the attractiveness of the organisation to potential employees. Another motivation for this study is the fact that there is lack of better research on applicant perspectives. Thirdly, the article notes that social justice theorists are looking for ways to apply social justice theory concepts to applicants’ perceptions of selection methods. Moreover, there is an increasing diversity in the workforce as well as racial differences in perception of selection procedures which can affect the manner in which j ob applicants perceive organisations and thus the attractiveness of those organisations to potential employees. The article notes that one of the main assumptions of most research in this area is that the manner in which job applicants perceive selection procedures and processes affects the manner in which the applicant views the organisation and thus the decision on whether to apply for a job vacancy to that organisation or not. The article also suggests that differences in perceptions between minority and majority groups on certain selection procedures can account for some of the differences in job performance that is often observed between these two groups. The article begins by reviewing the works of Schimittand Gilliland (1992) and Gilliland (1993). These studies develop a model which provides a link between between applicants’ perceptions of selection systems and situational factors and their subsequent â€Å"attitudes and behaviours† towards those organisations. The model postulates that applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice system are influenced by situational characteristics. These characteristics include the type of test administered during the selection process, the human resource policy of the organisation and the behaviour of the human resource staff of the organisation. The overall fairness of the selection system is influenced by the degree to which the applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice of the selection system meet the expectations of applicants. The framework further stipulates that applicants’ prior experiences with a selection system would affect the evaluatio n of the system. Distributive justice rules of equity, equality, and need have an impact on the perceptions of the distributive fairness of the final decision reached through the selection system. Distributive justice rules are in turn influenced by performance expectations and the salience of discrimination. In a nutshell, the framework concludes that there should be a relationship between outcomes such as â€Å"job application decisions, test motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, endorsement of the company’s products, job acceptance decisions, job satisfaction, and performance among others† and applicants’ perceptions of fairness of the selection process. After reviewing the framework, the authors then move on to provide a critical review of the empirical literature and evaluating how they conform to the framework. The review focuses on four key areas including: The perceptions that have been studied; The factors that determine applicants’ perceptions; The consequences of holding more positive or negative perceptions; and The theoretical frameworks that have been presented. With respect to the applicants’ perceptions that have been studied, the article notes that the most commonly researched perceptions include applicants’ feelings regarding degree to which the selection system is related to the job, feelings about the fairness of various aspects of the selection system and its associated outcomes, as well as feelings about test taking motivation. The authors provide a critical review in this area and conclude that a major concern with most of these studies is that their constructs are imprecise with respect to the manner in which they are defined as well as the variability with which they are operationalised. As a result, the authors conclude that a better conceptualisation of research on test behaviours and on fairness is required to improve understanding. The authors however, admit that the work of Chan et al (1998) to a certain extent provides a link between test attitudes and perception of fairness although the study focused only on two concepts from each line of research. According to the authors, lack of an improved integration of studies on test attitudes on fairness and test attitudes makes understanding difficult. For example, it is difficult to determine whether potential employees who are more anxious perceive procedures are more unfair as opposed to those who are less anxious. In addition, it is difficult to deter mine whether beliefs about testing have a higher impact on perceptions of fairness of a procedure than characteristics of the procedure and selection situation itself. The author notes that notes that most test-taking attitude measures are perceptions of oneself (including motivation, anxiety, etc) while justice-related perceptions typically focus on the fairness of the test used in making hiring or rejection decisions. The authors argue that there should be a relationship between applicants’ motivation and anxiety and the justice-related perceptions. The authors also suggest that it is important for other perceptions to be tested. Basically most of the studies under review focus on how the motivation or perceptions of applicants influence their perceptions of fairness. This approach neglects the impact of other perceptions of fairness that may be critical for the improvement of selection systems. Article 2: â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian Study†. This article is written by Bertolino and Steiner (2007). Like the first article, this article begins by reviewing the works of other authors who provide different conceptual frameworks on the relationship between applicants’ perceptions of fairness of selection systems and their attitudes and behaviours towards the organisations. This article cites the work of Schuler (1993) whose framework suggests that the reaction of applicants to a selection process is a function of the key characteristics of the selection techniques employed. In addition, the article reviews the work of Anderson and Ostroff (1997) who focus on the socialisation impact of selection methods. Like the first article, the second article also reviews the work of Gilliland (1993) who employ organisational justice theory to comprehend the reaction of applicants to selection systems. Unlike the first article, which is based solely on a critical review of empirical literature on the reaction of applicants to selection systems as well as the underlying models of selection systems, the second article is based on both primary and secondary information. It begins by reviewing literature, and then conducts and exploratory study on the reaction of applicants to selection systems using a sample of 137 Italian students. The study is motivated by the fact that despite the presence of evidence on selection systems, most of the studies have been conducted in other countries with no attention given to Italy. The article notes that cultural differences may play an important role in the manner in which applicants perceive selection systems and thus their reaction to those systems as well as their attitudes towards the organisation. Based on the four dimensions of culture proposed by Hofstede (1980, 1991) (individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femi ninity, and power distance), the article suggests that it is possible for selection systems to be avoided by these four dimensions. For example, the article reviews the work of Ryan et al. (1999) who show that uncertainty avoidance can affect the selection practices of many countries. In addition, the study reviews the work of Triandis (1990) who argue that people from countries with high uncertainty avoidance prefer predictability, knowing what others will do, and having clear instructions and expectations. This means that employees who work in countries with high uncertainty avoidance should be more inclined towards engaging in structuring activities, including the standardisation of practices. On the contrary, those in countries with low uncertainty avoidance should be less committed to formal structures and should be prepared to accept spontaneous changes in practices. The study employed a survey questionnaire to study the reaction of Italian student to selection systems. The questionnaire used in the study is the one developed by Steiner and Gilliland (1996) which presents 10 different selection methods used in the U.S or Europe. The questionnaire asked students to think about a job they would apply for upon completion of their course Using a within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) the ratings of process favourability was compared across 10 selection methods. The evidence suggests that there are significant differences across the 10 selection methods. The selection method that received the most favoured rating was â€Å"work-sample test†. Resumes, written ability tests, interviews and personal preferences had the second favourable rating. Personality tests and biographical information blanks received a neutral rating while honesty tests and personal contacts received negative ratings. The authors conclude that their results are similar to those obtained from other countries. In particular, they observe that employer’s right, opportunity to perform and face validity are the procedural dimensions that had a high correlation with process favourability for all four countries that were studied. The two articles are similar in that they both begin by providing a theoretical framework on selection methods. Both articles provide the same theory which shows that there is a relationship between applicants’ perceptions and their reactions to selection systems. However, the first article differs from the second one in that it is based solely on the review of secondary literature. The article does not arrive on any conclusions with respect applicants reactions to selection systems. Rather, it identifies weaknesses in the literature and provides recommended procedures for improvement in future studies. On the contrary, the second article employs primary data to study how employees’ perceptions of selection systems affect their reactions to those systems. It compares findings to previous studies and concludes that culture has no significant impact on employees’ reaction to selection systems in Western countries. The study observes that the findings from France, I taly and other Western countries are similar to those obtained in studies from the United States. This shows that the different cultural dimensions mentioned in Hofstede (1981, 1990) do not influence the manner in which employees perceive selection systems which means that it does not affect the manner in which the react to those systems. The foregoing suggests that other factors may be affecting employees’ perceptions rather than culture. Conclusions and Recommendations Based on the discussion of the two articles above, one can conclude that employees’ perception of selection procedures influences the manner in which they behave towards the organisation and the decision to accept or reject an offer to work for a particular company. These perceptions may even influence the applicants other interactions with the company such as deciding to buy or not to buy the company’s products. The main difference between the two articles is that one focuses on criticising research on selection systems while one focuses on understanding how employees perceive selection systems across countries and how those systems affect their reaction. Based on this conclusion, it is important for organisations to note that the manner in which they design their selection system can affect the perception of applicants and as such affect the attractiveness of vacancies to potential applicants. Selection systems can even influence the ability of a company to attract qu alified applicants. If employees have a negative perception about a particular company, they may not be motivated to apply for a vacancy in that company and this may make it difficult for the company to fill the vacancy with a qualified applicant. Consequently, employers should seek the most favourable selection systems so as to increase their ability to attract qualified applicants to their jobs. The first article shows that research on selection systems is limited. Therefore, this paper recommends that more research should be conducted on selection systems and how employees perceive those systems. By so doing one can provide better recommendations to employers to aid them in designing their selection systems. References Bertolino, M., Steiner, D. D. (2007) â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian study†, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15, Number 2 Ryan, A. N., Ployhart R. E. (2000) â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†, Journal of Management, 26, 565-606

The Real Captives Essay

The Real Captives Essay Free Online Research Papers Captivity is defined by â€Å"the condition of being imprisoned or confined.† Captivity is something two very strong women faced but in two different ways. Mary Rowlandson experienced Captivity in the literal sense of the word, she was taken and held against her will. Elizabeth Cady Stanton experienced captivity in a way that most people would overlook, she was held captive by society. Mary Rowlandson was born in 1637 and moved to Salem, Massachusetts from Somerset, England. Mary Rowlandson was held captive by Native Americans and wrote about her trials and tribulations. Mary wrote about the loss of her child while being held captive and how it changed her. Mary was held captive for three months along with twenty-four other people and her three children. â€Å"Rowlandson was kept a prisoner for three months, during which time she was treated poorly. With her captors, she traveled as far as the Connecticut River to the west and moved north into what is now New Hampshire† (WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica) While traveling her injuries healed and she fought to get used to the diet. Mary Rowlandson learned how to sew and knit which luckily helped her get special treatment. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born November 12, 1815, in Johnstown, New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a well known abolitionist and womens rights activist. During The Civil War She worked to abolish slavery and later moved onto women’s rights. Elizabeth was present for the Seneca Falls convention and spoke her own version of the Declaration Of Independence and named it the â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments†. In 1869 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B, Anthony created the Nation Women’s Suffrage Association and Elizabeth was the president. Elizabeth did not just fight for women’s rights when it came to the government, but also when it came to religion. She argued that religion was also unfair to women and wrote two books titled The Woman’s Bible. These two women struggled very differently, but all their struggles were at the hands of someone else. Mary Rowlandson was held captive in the literal sense of the word, but Elizabeth Cady Stanton was held captive by mens expectations and society. Both these women tried their best to roll with punches and the cards they were dealt. Mary Rowlandson worked her way out of captivity by holding onto the idea of mercy and God, whereas Elizabeth fought her way out. Both these women faced something and had to find a way out without losing themselves and their morals. Captivity isn’t only being held against their will literally, but also being held against their will metaphorically. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was held captive by society and its ideas of what role she should play and why. Mary Rowlandson was held captive literally and against her will. Captivity is defined by â€Å"the condition of being imprisoned or confined.† Captivity is something two very strong women faced but in two different ways Work cited https://www.biography.com/people/elizabeth-cady-stanton-9492182 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mary-Rowlandson Research Papers on The Real Captives EssayJean-Jaques Rousseau EmileIslamic Fundamentalism Replaces CommunismThe Equal Rights AmendmentThe Gnostic JesusLegalization of Same Sex MarriagesThe Colour PurpleEffects of Advertising EssayBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettEmmett Till BiographyThe Obama Presidency Essay

Baptist Church Visit

Baptist visit I decided to go to Baptist church in Miami. I chose Coral Park Baptist Church because most of the Baptist churches I call in Miami provide Spanish language services, but the Coral Park Baptist Church also offers English services. I went to the service at 11 o'clock Sunday. The whole church is very big. In major temples there are regular Spanish services, and there are other complete buildings, separate classrooms, English services and other Sunday school type courses. Acceptable choices are Methodist Church and Baptist Church. Methodist Church made me indifferent. The Battle church bat is funny but the second Baptist church I visited was very warm and the people were friendly. Their beliefs are too modest to my taste, but they are accepted by my Republican husband. I like this service and people. I participated. I immediately received a revelation that I am no longer in Kansas. But I like these people again. So when I heard the ridiculous belief that I thought it was ab surd, I just smiled and told myself. I want the feelings of the community. Baptist visit I decided to go to Baptist church in Miami. I chose Coral Park Baptist Church because most of the Baptist churches I call in Miami provide Spanish language services, but the Coral Park Baptist Church also offers English services. I went to the service at 11 o'clock Sunday. The whole church is very big. In major temples there are regular Spanish services, and there are other complete buildings, separate classrooms, English services and other Sunday school type courses. There seem to be countless churches around Waco. Waco has more than 100 Baptist churches alone. Even if someone tries to visit two Baptist churches every week, there will still be a Baptist church to visit. There is no doubt that Waco is a religious city. David Koresh is said to be a child under the name of God. Some people in former David chapters said they did not say that he had sexually assaulted children. Kiri Jewell, one of W aco's children, said she tried to have sex with her when she was ten years old, David Koresh. Others say that David Koresh is clearly talking about sex with young girls.

Observation about coffe shops Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation about coffe shops - Assignment Example It is also observed that people would get out of traffic, even from office and when they have to discuss something in detail which requires input like a promotion or hiring or firing someone, they would say to each other, ‘let’s talk about it at the coffee shop’. Coffee shops are more than a drink place. The famous sitcom Friends has given the people a culture. And a lot of the scenes were shot when the six of the friends would sit and crack jokes in a coffee shop. This is a good insight into what coffee shops hold for the people. It is certainly not a bar, it is not a golf course, it is not a bowling alley. It is a place where the focus is on two things only; the subject of the talk and the taste of coffee. Compared to food places, people have their mouths full, that is why they don’t talk much, and when they do, it is at a loud volume and people sitting nearby can easily hear what they are talking about. In coffee shops, this is not the case, people can even talk in whispers, can talk in a low volume. Coffee shops and fast food restaurants have many things in common yet they are very different when it comes to fine details. The fast food places are like sending SMS to the other person. The receiver (listener) has to make sense of the loud and small message. Coffee shops are like sending a full page, the reader (listener) can get the information in a comprehensive fashion, while the sender of that page (speaker) feels content that the whole message is delivered with all the emotions and tiny details attached. Theoretically speaking, there is not a specific class of people that goes to coffee shops. These places cater a certain mood, which can be symbolic of a library, with one difference; people can talk. However, some coffee shops have turned their place into a high class cafà © and they charge rates accordingly. For people who don’t earn a